My Own Interpretation of Mandela’s 8 Lessons in Leaders

That is why I also wanted to share to you Mandela’s 8 lessons of Leadership: 1. Courage is not the absence of fear — it’s inspiring others to move beyond it In tackling life’s challenges, you must face fear head-on and find the guts that you may not falter when life is giving you a hard time. There are people who wanted to see you fall and you must find courage to stand up to them. Having courage does not mean being reckless or stupid but rather it means to hold your head up, look them in the eye. Do the right thing even when you stand alone and it eventually will pay off in the end 2. Lead from the front — but don’t leave your base behind Hey, it’s great to be a leader, right? There are privileges like less work for you and more work for your subordinates and get the credit from the efforts of your colleagues-NO, this is a very wrong notion. They will never respect you as a leader if you lead them an iron fist. What’s the point of being a leader if no one will follow you? Move with the principle that others matter as well and do what’s best for your group, not just you. Be honest and fair. Work hard. Play hard. Do your homework. Know what you are talking about and they will follow. Don’t ever mistake arrogance and intelligence for the same thing for they are quite different. Life will eventually teach you humility if your ego will swell up. 3. Lead from the back — and let others believe they are in front Sometimes, it’s kind of nice to take a few steps back and let others lead as well while you still lead them. Why not? Give others opportunity to prove themselves that they are capable to lead and let them discover their potentials too. Maybe you could even learn a thing or two from them. Not all great ideas come from one brain but rather a group of brains. When they eventually get off-track, you’re still there to guide them back like a shepherd guiding a lost sheep. 4. Know your enemy — and learn about his favorite sport Truth is you cannot please everybody and there are some people would not favor you leading them. That irritates you, doesn’t it? Often, the people who anger us most in life are more like us than we’d like to admit. Don’t ignore them. Get to know them. Find out what makes them tick. Maybe they just want your attention. Maybe they just want a duty. Give them something to do for change. See how they fare. Now, at some point, you may need to cut your losses and move on down the road. However, you may inadvertently find out your enemy is all of a sudden your good friend. 5. Keep your friends close — and your rivals even closer You’re not alone and there leaders like you as well but with different personalities, capabilities, and leaderships styles. Some of these leaders may agree to you and favor your leadership skills but there are other does not. Still, it is not wrong to have a little healthy competition and learn to appreciate what life gives you because not all life is easy. Again, you have to be strong and be firm for the people who follow you. When things go out of hand, always use diplomacy. 6. Appearances matter — and remember to smile Love yourself first before others. How can you serve other people when you could not serve yourself right? Appearances really do matter especially if you’re a student nurse rendering service to your patient. If your patient sees that you could not take care of yourself, he/she will have second thoughts or doubts in cooperating with you. Being neat and clean will give you an edge. Remember to smile because this stuff is contagious. When you clumsily tripped yourself, you should make a fast recovery with grace and smile because they want strong leaders who could recover fast from a tragic fall and continue the service. SMILE! 7. Nothing is black or white Life could be a burden sometimes when you have to make a decision, either it is small or big because not all of your decisions would favor the entire public and there always consequences. When that happens, first of all pray, it helps to meditate and ask for guidance from above and then think for a solution, it always works. Listen to all sides of the story before making rash decisions. All decisions especially a leader’s decision should be think through. Sleep on it if you must. Don’t let emotions cloud your judgment. This is a very common to student nurses during RLE: when in doubt, don’t or ask your clinical instructor about it, it always works, try it they won’t bite†¦sometimes. 8. Quitting is leading too I flinched when I heard this one but I tend to like it. It is cliche to say: â€Å"do not ever give up, try and try until you succeed, and quitting is for losers† but what if you run out of ideas, too tired to hold on, groping for answers in the dark and hopelessly praying for â€Å"give me more TIME†. Why not tomorrow? Hey, there are always tomorrow right? Don’t tire yourself you’re only human. If you sense that you’re losing a battle, sound a retreat, let your army rest and fight for another day, maybe your enemy needs a rest too you know. Sometimes in life doesn’t work out. Just step back and take a deep breath. Move on and do something else or the alternative. Don’t squander your life in the boulevard of broken dreams, just move on the other side of the road to start anew. A life of good leaders revolves around success and failure all the time. But just learn to accept what God has given you and learn to appreciate it. Do not dwell on failures but move on. Leaders experience too many sufferings and trials in order to strive for excellent service his/her fellows but it will be compensated with the achievements and recognitions he/she earned. The pieces of paper and awards on the wall are important. But they are not nearly as important as the journey you make and the people you meet along the way. CARPE DIEM!

Into the Nature of Relationships in Different Cultures

Relationships Discuss research into the nature of relationships in different cultures. (9 marks + 16 marks) In Western Cultures, it has been found that relationships are voluntary, temporary and focus on the needs of the individual as due to the predominantly urban settings in which we live in, we are able to (on a daily basis) interact with a large number of people. Western cultures therefore appear to be characterised by a high degree of choice in personal relationships and a greater ‘pool’ of potential relationships.Non-western cultures however, have less choice about whom they interact with on a daily basis, meaning that interaction with strangers are rare and relationships are frequently tied to other factors, such as family or economic resources. In societies with reduced mobility, (predominantly non-western cultures) arranged marriages are common as love is expected to grow due to the fact that it is not seen as necessary for marriage.Arranged marriages seem to wo rk well and make good sense as divorce rates are low and Epstein (2002) found that perhaps about half of them report that they have fallen in love with each other. Myers et al. , (2005) studied individuals in India living in arranged marriages and found no differences in marital satisfaction in comparison to individuals in non-arranged marriages in the US. This is also supported by Gupta and Singh (1982) who studied 100 degree-educated couples living in India, 50 of who had chosen their partners and 50 of who had their marriages arranged for them.The couples were asked to indicate how much they liked/loved their partners and it was found that love and liking was high in love marriages but decreased whereas love increased in arranged marriages and after 10 years exceeded love marriages. However, this study is difficult to generalise as it studies only a small sample and so cannot be generalised to the wider population. It therefore lacks validity. However, in some adapting cultures s uch as China, there has been a noticeable increase in ‘love matches’ as the Chinese are currently attempting to move away from traditional ‘arranged’ marriages.Instances in which parents dominate the process of partner choice in china have declined from 70% prior to 1949, to less than 10% in the 1990s. Xioahe and Whyte (1990) studied women in love marriages and found that they were more satisfied than those in arranged marriages. Western cultures are also seen as individualistic due to their focuses on individuals rather than groups, with individual happiness and pleasure seen as fundamentally important. On the other hand, non-western cultures are seen as collectivist cultures as people are encouraged to be interdependent rather than independent.Moghaddam et al. (1993) claim that the cultural attitudes of individualist cultures, are consistent with the formation of relationships that are based on freedom of choice, whereas collectivism leads to relationship s that may have more to do with the concerns of family or group. Norms and rules act as guidelines for behaviour and influence how we act out any given relationship. One such norm that plays a key part in personal relationships is the norm of reciprocity.Ting-Toomey (1986) found that in individualist cultures, reciprocity in personal relationships tend to be voluntary. In collectivist cultures however, it is more obligatory. In such cultures, failure to return a favour is seen as a failure of one’s moral duty. In Japanese culture, for example, there are specific rules about gift-giving and reciprocating, whereas n such formal norms exist in Western cultures. Argyle et al. ’s cross-cultural comparison of relationship rules in different cultures did find support for some predictions but failed to support others.However, a problem with this research is that the list of rules was formulated in the UK and may have failed to include rules that are specific to a particular cu lture such as Japan. Research on cross-cultural differences in norms and rules is important to be able to conduct cross-cultural relationships successfully. Knowledge of the norms and rules underlying cross-cultural relationships is an important aspect of any attempt to understand and improve relations between different cultural groups within a host country. Finally, relationships are difficult to study scientifically.Laboratory experiments, through the manipulation of isolated variables, are seen as the most rigorous way of establishing cause and effect, and he best way of furthering our understanding of the processes involved in human relationships. However, as Hogg and Vaughan (2008) point out, people do bring their cultural ‘baggage’ into the laboratory. Although cultural background may be seen as a problematic extraneous variable to some researchers, it is clear that culture itself is an important variable that influences the relationship processes being studied.

Ethical Dilemma Global Business and Emerging Economies Case Study

Ethical Dilemma Global Business and Emerging Economies - Case Study Example The biggest five emerging economies are referred too as the BRICS. The five members of the BRICS are Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. There is a dark side to the globalization movement. It seems as if ever since this movement began the rich have been getting richer, but the poor are still struggling to survive. The continent that has suffered the most since the start of the movement is Africa particularly the Sub-Saharan region. Most people in Africa are living on income of less than $1 day and they do not have enough money to eat properly everyday. While people in Africa are dying of starvation, the opposite occurs in Western countries such as the United States where there is so much abundance of food that 33.8% of the population suffers from obesity (Cdc, 2011). Developed economies sometimes are at disadvantage in certain aspects such as cost of living. In the United States health costs are skyrocketing, but in many emerging economies healthcare is a universal right and the government pays for all medical costs. In many of these countries there are no applications of patents which helps keep the price of prescription drugs low. Overall the standards of living in developing economies are much higher than in emerging economies. The United Nations should do more in order to transfer the wealth better among the world’s nations. ... ndustries such as the pharmaceutical industry can impose new ethical regulation to raise the bar and make industry concessions to accelerate the process towards redemption to certain patients. For instance the HIV/AIDS epidemic requires the industry to impose a cero profit policy. All drugs and research and development for this disease will be treated as if the corporations were non-profit organizations. All countries across the world will amend their tax codes to provide credits for R&D for HIV/AIDS as well as tax deductions and credits based on distribution quotas for HIV/AIDS medicines. There are other alternative solutions to help alleviate the imbalance distribution of wealth worldwide. A way for the developed nations to directly help emerging economies achieve growth is by a direct transfer of funds. The 54 developed economies of the world will impose a 5% redistribution tax based on the gross domestic product of each country. The money collected from the tax will be distribute d to the emerging countries that fall in the lower 25% percentile of gross domestic product per capital among the emerging economies. The 39 poorest countries in the world will receive the economic incentive from the collection of the tax. Aggressively investing in emerging economies can help improve the standard of living of a lot of people. This strategy seems like a socially responsible tactic, but businesses cannot forget that their goal is to make money. A business person should choose the option that makes more economic sense when implementing international expansion strategies. Investing in a foreign developed economy has a lower risk than investing in an emerging economy. A way to facilitate foreign investment in emerging economies, while at the same minimizing the risk of

Resiliency and Spirituality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Resiliency and Spirituality - Essay Example It remains the counselor’s duty to help the old in the attainment of self independence capabilities and positive attributes. This is demonstrated by harnessing personal values and lifelong commitments to guide the old in solving problems. On the other hand old people must be willing to pursue the struggle for a better life thus remaining focused on capabilities assets and positive attributes. Baltes and Baltes (1990) as sited by Langer (2004) reiterates that self reliance is an important virtual to be emphasized to the old as it gives them enough courage to reconstruct their life. The old should attach usefulness to themselves so that they may develop the ability to transform any difficulties into meaningful ideas. He maintains that even when signs of frailty become pronounced, the old are capable of making necessary modification in goals and aspirations as they continue developing through their life experience funding sources of meaning therein. To attain resiliency one needs to have a sense of control which will help in averting the stress characterized by aging, this can be based on past experiences by the individual and more importantly from manageable area in the current life. A counselor will point out strengths on his client and emphasize on them to enhance their sense of achievements. Kobasa (1979) as cited in Langer (2004) observes that people with greatest control over what occurs in their lives will remain healthier than those who feel powerless. Care providers are required to guide the old on how to manage crises including changes in health, social network, finances and ability to live independently. In return this will translate into a remarkable resiliency and spiritual firmness to the old Strength perspective counseling model is designed to help reduce the number of elders who may later need extensive health and social services. It equips the clients with problem solving and coping resources. The following assumptions are made in this model. People are responsible for and capable for making their own decisions People are able to direct their lives more than they realize with freedom to choose People are continuously motivated to address their basic. Physiological and abstract self-actualizations needs (Langer, 2000 cited in Langer 2004) Counselors' fully understanding of the inner strength is very necessary in facilitating health and way of life for the aged. They should see their clients not just as people who need service hours but also as unique individuals with rich lifelong strengths who can continue living meaningful lives From the spirituality / resiliency questions (Langer 2000, Ortiz and Langer 2002 cited in Langer 2004) counselor develop with their clients a list of strengths and assets in bid to provide possible solutions to the clients' problems. However it is necessary for them to comprehend the angle through which clients view their current and past lives. The spirituality/ resiliency assessment outlines life themes and coping mechanism that is virtual in giving information for strengths perspective counseling Rather than being reactive players, older adults can be important stakeholders in designing programs and problem solving activities. They can be on their own inherent strengths, find their own solutions and provide agencies with much need information about their service needs (Greene, 2000 cited in La

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 15

Assignment - Essay Example However, they have to learn that they cannot have a perfect plan (Honig, 265). They have to keep trying in order to succeed in the life of business. The secret of effectiveness in any field lies within one’s ability to keep trying until he or she meets success. The timid cannot be a leader or a manager for the sake of argument because he or she has to call the shots, and without confidence they cannot do their jobs. The company named as Apple became the status symbol of innovation in recent years, and the secret lied in the culture of the company. The late CEO of the organization, Steve Jobs introduced the flatter organizational structure for the first in the era of tall organizations with the setup of command and control. The featured corporate leader always believed in the power of innovation, and he struggled thoroughly in order to construct the organization that valued innovative thinking. The company innovated at a product level by introducing newness at an organizational one first. The company brought second order change, and the first order followed the regime on its own. The innovation at an organizational level gave the employees freedom to think creatively and the managers at the company stayed available for their employees so that they can share their thoughts in a free environment (Young and Simon, 168). The company stated openly that it considers its human resources as the most vit al assets of all. The company focused on development of an urge to become better in the employees, and it paid off the Apple in the long run, but the chain of innovation broke recently because the leadership changed, and they tried to undo the development of Jobs that they do not understand and comprehend. The new leadership changed the organization, and destroyed it beyond recognition, and as a result, the turnover rates grew in all

Water Provision Methods For Abu Dhabi In UAE Research Paper

Water Provision Methods For Abu Dhabi In UAE - Research Paper Example It is also comparatively cheaper in terms of fuel consumption and this means that the cost reflected on the consumers water bill is affordable which is in line with the government’s efforts to improve the living standards of people at affordable cost. From the cost data on the pipeline project that has been supplying water, Pipeline is fairly reliable since it cannot be affected by changes in weather as it could be in other alternatives. It is worth to note that pipeline supply originates from one point of processing and this means that all the volumes in supply are fresh and not subject to any additional treatment. This explains the case of the ongoing project managed by Lindenberg-Emirates of pipelines meant to supply water to a group of islands in Abu Dhabi (Jeffreys, 2011, pg72). This is preferred due to the large volumes that can be provided by pipe for expansionary industrial and residential policies. An alternative method of providing water that has been floated for imp lementation by the ministry in charge of water and the local government is construction of desalinization plants. This concept will require much technology and this means it is capital intensive hence costly. It has various features that include recycling sections that help in reducing the amount of water that is discharged as wastage and this is environmentally friendly. Decentralization has been realized to help in reducing the cost of supply network and enhance chances of flexibility in response to changes in population and consumption in addition to technological advancement that may be required for adjustments. Desalinization plants are to be located near... On the basis of cost/benefit analysis, the need to reconcile cost against environmental factors in respect to water provision, pipeline has been proved to be efficient with plans to install recycling and other water saving mechanisms. The exponential expansion of population means the need for more and reliable water supply to cater for domestic consumption and industrialization. This is in line with the efforts of the local authority to cut down costs of providing public essential commodities like water and electricity. Desalinization should be regulated to produce water for only domestic use so that cost is considerably reduced to affordability and effectiveness. The best way to counter the environmental issues and costs associated with the pipeline, the water providing agencies need to develop a mechanism that will capture the left over from different points of use for recycling (Wilde, 2011, pg 24). This may be coupled with cutting down on the daily consumption rate per household by installing water use reduction technological systems. Such techniques include the imposition of water tariffs that will promote consumption efficiency, sophisticated water meters that update the consumers on their rate of use and smart meters that will enhance elimination of leakages across the supply system. Water remains an essential item for the survival of the city and it is important that the government and other stakeholders strategize with consideration of environment care since UAE is already in a harsh climate region.

Use of Financial Ratios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Use of Financial Ratios - Essay Example The paper is an attempt to analyze the accuracy of the statement of Lev and Sunder using some evidences taken from real world, especially by doing the cross sectional analysis of financial ratios. Use of Financial Ratios Financial ratios are used to measure a company’s financial condition or to analyze between two companies’ financial condition. All the stakeholders of the company have interest in company’s future, that is how the company would perform in the short term or long term future, how much it is secure to invest in the company, what type of change should be introduce so that the company can perform better. When an investor wants to take the decision to invest money, certainly he wants to invest it in the most effective company, the decision he can take by using the financial ratio analysis along with other type of analysis like qualitative analysis or other type of quantitative analysis. Critical Analysis Ratio analysis is a very widely used tool for analyze the financial stability of a firm. But there are certain problems arise when the analyst don’t take the associated factors in consideration. When the analyst is doing the performance analysis of two companies, they should remind that two companies can follow two different accounting policies. There is no single accounting standard which is being followed by the companies all over the world. (Fischer, Taylor and Cheng, 2008, p.505). The taxation rules of different states, different countries vary over the world. The inflation over the world is different. A multinational company has to face different taxation policy, different inflation over the world. So when a researcher is analyzing the performance of a company using ratio analysis, he should take these factors in account. There are also technical factors associated with the analysis. Many statistical tools which are being used in ratio analysis are based on the assumption that the data are normally distributed, but in reality that doesn’t happened. For identifying the financial indicators specifically for Critically Access Hospitals the Flex Monitoring Team used 114 financial ratios as their part of research. But they found many problems when research about the industry, like Hospitals with negative current Assets or negative current liabilities was excluded from the calculation of median, but that should be i ncluded when researching about the liquidity of the industry (Flex Monitoring Team, 2005, p.17-18). A research study was performed by taking 66 listed Malaysian firms’ data for the period 1980 to 1996. The forms were taken from 3 sectors industrial sector, mixed industry and combination of industrial and property sector. From the research it has been seen that only current asset percent was conformed to normal distribution. For doing the ratio analysis effectively three type of transformation techniques were used namely square, square root and natural log. When the square and square root property were used they were found as not effective, because the variables of the ratio analysis are not normally distributed. But natural log technique is proved effective by the researcher as the process considers that the data available is not normal. The researcher proved through the research that when a ratio analysis is being performed to analyze the performance of a company or comparab le analysis between two companies is done then they should address the proportionality effect on the ratio’s normality (Sori et al., 2006, p.71-81). From a survey done on U.S.A. firms it is clear a ratio can

Complete a project based on your choice of an investment portfolio Essay

Complete a project based on your choice of an investment portfolio - Essay Example In addition to this, it helps to identify the risk associated with each of the financial assets. Risk involved in portfolio investment is directly linked with the value. The willingness of an individual make investment or avoid risk is the most important factor for portfolio investment (Reilly & Brown, 2011). The investment portfolio has to be made in such a manner that maximum return can be earned from financial assets. The investment portfolio has been based from Monday 2nd March 2015 to Monday 6th April 2015. The major aim of investment in financial assets is to earn return and maximise profitability. Moreover, portfolio investment is considered to be the safest mean of earning income. The total amount fixed for portfolio investment is  £100,000 (Reilly & Brown, 2011). The paper analyses current market trend and the risk involved with each of the financial assets that has the potential to prevent investments. Apart from risk other factors that have the potential to affect investment in financial assets include the amount invested and the expected length for which an individual holds different financial assets. The time horizon defines the time period between the investment in financial assets and receiving the return from it. The time length is considered to be the crucial factor in portfolio investment, because it directly affects the ability of investors to minimise the overall risk involved. The paper analyses the financial market according to the data of London stock exchange and identifies the assets from which the borrower can achieve maximum return with respect to the risk involved. Investment theory focuses on the process of decision making associated with selecting the appropriate financial assets for investment that in turn has the potential to maximise the overall return earned. Investment theory defines the relation between the risk involved in investment and overall return from the financial assets. Investment in financial

MANAGING IN A MIXED ECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

MANAGING IN A MIXED ECONOMY - Essay Example In other types of contracts like the private finance initiative, the private sector makes the capital investment through a contract by the government while the government might wholly or partly bear the cost of providing the service. In the UK, PPP has had a long history. In 1992, the private finance initiative (PFI) was introduced by the Conservative government. This was the first official and systematic program aimed at encouraging public-private partnerships. Over the years, this initiative has been expanded to create efficiency and to enhance the realization of â€Å"value for money.† It must be emphasized that PPP has been successful in a number of ways throughout the UK. Various programs have successfully been accomplished through this initiative and the trend continues. In the same way, the initiative has had is fair share of challenges (Dodgson & Gann, 2008). Some of the programs initiated through the private finance initiative have run out of budget without giving the value for money. The core objective of PPP is to ensure a proper partnership without diminishing either sector. In a world where innovation and strategy implementation seems to be the only way forward, it is indeed important for the private and public sector to collaborate in offering services to the people. London Underground One example of PPP is the London Underground which is a metro transportation system serving a larger portion of the greater London. Spanning over 402 kilometers with 270stations, the Tube is a subsidiary of Transport for London. Presently, 91% of the operational expenditure of the system is covered by fares paid by the passengers. Under the PPP, there were three infrastructure companies which were responsible for the renewal and maintenance of the London Underground. Indeed, it is realized that the PPP was a great step in enhancing the efficiency of the rail system and learning some of the issues which should be a dressed in order to improve such future partn erships in the country. In a way, the London Underground PPP is a classic case of a public private partnership which realized a number of successes and was also plagued with many challenges. In the context of strategy and innovation, it is realized that partnerships are an important way of benefiting through the good strategy and innovation in the private sector and the mechanisms of the government. The essence of this partnership was basically to develop and create an efficient infrastructure for London which could become a model across the world. As such, the London Underground Limited was created as the public sector mandated to operate and maintain this metro system in London. PwC was in charge of reviewing the options available in terms of strategy and funding while also ensuring the continual development of the initiative. At the end of the review process, the PPP was clearly outlined. It involved a ?37.7 billion of investment spanning a period of 30 years in addition to a ?4. 6 billion of private funding. Private sector consortiums were therefore allowed to take charge of the rehabilitation and maintenance of the Underground system in order to enhance its performance and ensure innovation and proper strategy implementation. In addition to the private financing, the government provided annual grants and