The Silent Struggle For Well Water Users - 1865 Words

The Silent Struggle for Well Water Users Located in a small town of Licking county lays Brownsville. A town with less than 150 homes and no more than 300 people. While everything seems to be normal on the outside of the home, the inside is the quiet struggle of many people living in this town. Brownsville has well water that destroys many household items, including but not limited to, utilities, dishware, and clothes. While not all Well water is bad, Brownsville has water that has a fifteen iron count level, which is higher than normal. Well water in Brownsville Ohio is an issue that needs to be addressed and there are many solutions to the problem but the best solution is purchasing a Kinetico Water System. Evidence Figure one: Figure†¦show more content†¦Although residents do not have to pay for Well water, the price does not come free when items of the home need replaced. As the home owner, the family purchases five gallons of water at a one dollar a piece, throughout the week for meal preparation and drinking. This totals to $260.00 at the end of the year. Money is also spent on replacing clothes for the family of five that have stained orange, and in the future, will need to be spent on replacing household cooking utensils and pots; as well as the shower, toilet and kitchen sink. Past Attempts for Resolution Previous attempts have been made to fix this issue. The previous home owner had installed a new Kenmore water softener, in which the owners had to continue to add three 15lb bags of Morton salt to clear up the iron that was going through the system. This brand of water system costs up to 600 dollars and once every two weeks had to have new salt put in, which costs fifteen dollars a bag. This put the home owner spending 90 dollars a month on salt, which turned into 1,080 dollars in a year. Because Brownsville has such hard, salt filled water and was an electric unit, the Kenmore system broke after a year. This leads into discussion of one of a few options that home owners can have. Option One: Kinetico Home Water System In order to have a good working water system that works for this hard water, homeowners in Brownsville could purchase the Kinetico home water system. TheShow MoreRelatedCocaine, Race, And The War On Drugs1791 Words   |  8 Pagestime the narcotic was already being used for tonics, dental anesthetic, and patented medicines. One advertisement from the early 1900s boasted it would â€Å"make the coward brave, the silent eloquent, and render the sufferer insensitive to pain.† And by the early 20th century, the addictive properties of cocaine were well known throughout the western societies. The Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914 was passed to directly target the importation, manufacturing, dispense, distribution or of the drug, viaRead MoreThe Effects Of Addiction On The World Today Essay2227 Words   |  9 PagesKayla Baker English 1301 Professor Wombles 9 September 2016 Ad ·dic ·tion Many people struggle with one of the most powerful, controlling monsters running rampant in the world today. This monster is known for destroying lives, families, and careers and even dragging the people caught in its grasps to their death. The United States had a president declare a war against it, police officers crack down on laws and arrests to fight it, and yet it still seems like a losing battle. This monster does not careRead MoreThe Cholera Epidemic in Haiti3351 Words   |  13 PagesIn 2010, for the first time in well over a century, Haiti was struck by cholera. The incidences of cholera quickly reached epidemic proportions and the death tolls quickly climbed, with few treatment options available. The residents of Haiti – and those that sought to help them - expressed alarm, great frustration and even anger at the uprising of a disease that had previously been absent for decades. While several hypotheses exist as to the cause, or causes, of the emergence of choler a in HaitiRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 PagesSilent Spring Rachel Carson Online Information For the online version of BookRags Silent Spring Premium Study Guide, including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-silentspring/ Copyright Information  ©2000-2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author BiographyRead MoreIs Politics A Politician?4068 Words   |  17 Pagesis a huge part of politics. This kind of politics is different than wholesale politics which targets a large audience rather than an individual person. A congressional cloakroom is a communal meeting place that can be compared to the kitchen or water jug in a typical office. It serves as an informal meeting place where politicians can meet freely and try and get to know one another; often through gossip. A congressional cloakroom also helps politicians gather support and favors. In order to beRead MoreUnit 114871 Words   |  20 Pagesincludes verbal assaults, insults, threats, intimidation, humiliation, and harassment. In addition, treating an older person like an infa nt; isolating an elderly person from his/her family, friends, or regular activities; giving an older person the silent treatment; and enforced social isolation are examples of emotional/psychological abuse. Signs and symptoms being emotionally upset or agitated; being extremely withdrawn and non-communicative or non-responsive; Neglect Neglect is defined as the refusalRead MoreThe Nature Of The African Landscape10552 Words   |  43 Pagescoast looked the same, as though we had not moved (HD 61). The Congo River becomes to represent the River Acheron in Dante’s â€Å"The Inferno†, since the Congo itself is the hell itself. 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In The Dialogic Imagination, Bakhtin defines monoglossic discourse as the language of power that arises from the forces that serve to unify

The Political Issues Of The Indian Removal Act Of 1830

The Political Issues of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 Former President Andrew Jackson was responsible for putting the Indian Removal Act of 1830 in place. It forcibly removed five civilized Native American tribes— Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole—from the southern United States. The act would stay in effect until the end of the Second Seminole War in 1842. Native Americans’ feelings toward the United States government have changed from one of annoyance to disgust since being taken advantage of during the Indian Removal Act. In this research paper I will illuminate the political issues involved with the Indian Removal Act by examining whether Jackson’s decision to move forward with the Act was constitutional, defining the†¦show more content†¦According to John T. Fierst, The idea of removal as a solution to the â€Å"Indian problem† had been kicked around since the eighteenth century. Policy makers were drawn to it in the 1820s for two reasons: the weaken position of the Native Americans after the War of 1812 made removal possible; and the pressure to open up new lands made this action politically desirable. (9) In addition, the southern states with â€Å"large populations of Native Americans pressured the administration to change its policies,† (Fierst, 9-10) pertaining to the Native American presence and relations. The most outspoken state was Georgia, who wanted the Native Americans evacuated from the state’s lines so that it could claim the land. Since Andrew Jackson believed that the Native Americans, living within the United States, had no sovereignty over the land, more authentic steps were taken to remove them upon his election. The Native Americans felt betrayed by the American people. After all the work and effort to help the white man through means of trade, the Native Americans were now being forcibly removed from their homes and made to move to the other side of the Mississippi River, hundreds of miles away. The Choctaw tribe was told that they needed to choose quickly between â€Å"surrendering tribal sovereignty and removing to the west.† (Davis, 67) The y were told that if they moved peacefully, they would receive rations and provisions; however, if they decided to stay- They would be subject to suitShow MoreRelatedThe Indian Removal Act of 18301123 Words   |  5 PagesTHE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT OF 1830 Migdalia Tuero HIST101: American History to 1877 Professor Kathleen Davis February 13, 2014 There are several historical events and issues that have impacted the contemporary political development among American history. In the history of America one of these groups are the Native Americans. The white man throughout the South called for a removal of the Indian peoples. They wanted the Native Indians to be resettled to the west because their presence createdRead MoreHow The Cherokee Nation Can Overcome Generational Ptsd1640 Words   |  7 PagesKristin Quick Term Project 3-7-2016 How the Cherokee Nation Can Overcome Generational PTSD. The Removal Act of 1830, that forced the Cherokee Indians from their homelands with just the clothes on their backs have created tragic effects which have continued to be passed down from generation to generation, causing a near loss of the Cherokee culture. In 1838, the United States Military utilizing surprise attacks, snatched Cherokee families from their homes, work, and play at bayonet point to faceRead MoreThe Age Of Jackson s Political History1074 Words   |  5 PagesJackson changed America’s political history because Jackson established new precedents with the government’s relations with Indians, the issue of state and federal rights and also established a political rivalry. The Age of Jackson occurred during the time period from 1829 to 1837. During this time period, the United Stated of America was under the presidential term of Andrew Jackson. Ever since Andrew Jackson’s election, there was a complete transformation in the political history of the U nited StatesRead MoreDevelopment of American Society During Andrew Jacksons Presidency957 Words   |  4 Pagessupporters convinced themselves, and many Americans, that they were, in fact, protectors of American ideals. In their eyes, they remained true to the roots and foundations of the United States. But, in reality, the Democratic party of the 1820s and 1830s did quite the opposite, limiting state’s rights by denouncing nullification, infringing upon the liberties of numerous individuals, including thousands of Native Americans, and instituting social and economic unrest through the institution of highRead MoreThe Cherokee Removal Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pagescalled the United States, the Cherokee people used to live in this land in the valleys of rivers that drained the southern Appalachians. These people made their homes, farmed their land, and buried their dead. Also these people, who are now called Indians claimed larger lands. They would use these for hunting d eer and gathering material, to live off of. Later these lands were called Virginia and Kentucky. As it is mentioned in the text, these people had their own culture and own way of life. They hadRead MoreEssay about The Jacksonian Era1638 Words   |  7 PagesThree specific ways in which American expansion shaped the Jacksonian period was through the advancement of technology, by way of slavery, and the Indian Removal Act. Jackson used any political and economic means necessary in order to see American frontier regions expand across the nation. Jackson’s Indian Removal policy had some of the most important consequences and paved the way toward American expansion. In the beginning of the Jacksonian era, colonial Americans’ settlements had not yet extendedRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act1796 Words   |  8 Pagesmoment. Soon, they realized, they would be overtaken entirely by the settlers of the newfound nation. As such, in 1830, the Congress of the United States had p assed the Indian Removal Act, which had forced all Native American tribes into specially-designated reservations, where their underlying spiritual bonds had effectively been permanently separated. Indeed, the Indian Removal Act had been extremely powerful, but not in ways that had been beneficial to either party. Hence, its passing and subsequentRead MoreFederal Indian Policy : The Indian Removal Act Of 18301584 Words   |  7 PagesFederal Indian Policy Native American’s have always been the aspect that shapes our culture and history today. The rise of the new world started with the discovery of the land of which the Native Americans resided. They are referred to as the indigenous people because they were the people who lived and survived off this land first. The Native Americans have a unique culture that consisted of a bond with nature. They had similar gender roles just like the white population. The men were hunters, warriorsRead MoreJacksonian Democracy1151 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the following documents and your knowledge of the 1820s and 1830s, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians view of themselves? Andrew Jackson began a whole new era in American history. Amongst his greatest accomplishments were evoking the common man to be interested in government and tailoringRead MoreAndrew Jackson And The Influence Of The Jacksonian Democracy1259 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 1820s and 1830s, the Democratic Party grew under the influence of the politician Andrew Jackson. The Democrats believed in a limited federal government and supported giving more power to the states. The economic monopolies in the East concerned the Democrats, they wanted equal opportunity for white males in the South and West. By the presidential election in 1828, new amendments to voting qualifications allowed more white males to vote. With support from this new population of voters,

Enrons Impact On Enron - 1417 Words

Many questioned how Enron made its money as no one could verify their revenue that they continually raised each quarter. Even with these questions in the back of people s minds, they continued to believe Enron s executives. Enron was an U.S. energy-trading and utilities company that housed one of the biggest accounting frauds in history. Enron s executives employed accounting practices that falsely inflated the company s revenues, which, at the height of the scandal, made the firm become the seventh largest corporation in the United States. Once the fraud was detected, the company quickly unraveled and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on Dec. 2, 2001. (Investopedia, 2014) The first real shock came when then newly elected CEO Jeff Skilling, unexpectedly resigned, bewildering investors. â€Å"After the close of markets on Aug. 14, Jeffrey K. Skilling, the company s hard-charging president and CEO, shocked the investment community by unexpectedly resigning. In a conference call with investors, Skilling, said he was leaving for personal reasons, which would remain private. Prior to taking over the CEO post in February, Skilling had been chief operating officer.† (Stephanie Anderson Forest, 2001) After filing for bankruptcy, it became clear to the SEC that Enron fixed the prices of their stock, while hiding massive debt in special purpose accounts. It was also quite clear that the auditors for Enron, Arthur Anderson Consulting, were also deeply entrenched in thisShow MoreRelatedEnron s Ethics Code Of Enron Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesAbstracts Enron was once one of the largest companies in the world. After many years of using diverse accounting tricks, they finally had to file bankruptcy in December 2001 due to not being able to hide billions in debt. The top 140 executives got paid 680 million in 2001. (CNN Library, 2015). Kenneth Lay as the founder of Enron and Jeffrey Skilling as the chief executive were both convicted in 2006. (Weiss, 2009, p.28). Thousands of workers were left with valueless stock in their pensions whichRead MoreKey Stakeholders Affected By The Collapse Of Enron1065 Words   |  5 Pagesstakeholders affected by the collapse of Enron? Explain briefly how each stakeholder was affected. a. Stockholders at first reaped tremendous gains from their investments in Enron stock, because the company’s value rose a lot of quicker than market averages throughout the late Nineteen Nineties. In 2001, because the stock value folded, investors lost $70 billion in value. Each individual and institutional shareholders were hurt. Significantly blasted were Enron workers whose 401(k) retirement plansRead MoreEnron Scandal And Its Ethical Implications1744 Words   |  7 PagesEnron Scandal and Its Ethical Implications Introduction Enron’s collapse in 2002 was perhaps the most shocking and widely publicized ethical violations of all times. Once one of the world’s largest energy company, Enron’s downfall and the demise of its accounting firm Arthur Andersen, highlight corporate America’s moral failings. Enron was charged with substantial accounting frauds by manipulating its major accounts and by masking its massive debts. The company stock that once peaked at $90 was downRead MoreThe Ethics Code Of Enron1586 Words   |  7 PagesEnron’s ethics code Respect, integrity, communication and excellence are the ethics code of Enron. These four aspects have a crucial impact on business ethics. â€Å"Ethics requires respect. One cannot exist without the other. Ethical success depends on understanding the profound impact that respect has on your ethics and character.† As Mark S. Putnam said in his article â€Å"Respect: The Starting Point for Good Ethics†(2003), we need to make respect our obligation and show everyone a certain degree of respectRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Enron Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesEnron was formed in 1985 following the merger of Houston Natural Gas Co. and InterNorth Co. The Chairman Kenneth Lay, CEO Jeffrey Skilling, and CFO Andrew Fastow were the backbone of Enron during its growth period. These executives exercised their power and expertise to unethically â€Å"increase† Enron’s profits by hiding the company’s debt. The ethical dilemma that Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Ski lling faced was whether to let their stakeholders know how poorly the company was doing, or to hide the debtRead MoreEnron : The Leading Factor That Had Enron Into Its Demise Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pagesleading factor that had Enron into its demise revolves around the notion that, â€Å"companies are often so concerned with appearance and damage control that they are unwilling to engage in the degree of examination required to root out the entrenched causes of trust violations† (Hurley, Gillespie, Ferrin Dietz, 2013). The historical performance of Enron’s rising share prices, coupled to the constant positive media attentions, only added fuel to the fire in terms of Enron’s competitive culture. As aRead MoreAgency Theory : Relationship Between Agents And The Business Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pageslevels of risk. Enron, was the world’s largest energy company in 2001. Enron forerunner, Northern Gas Company was incorporated in Delaware on April 25, 1930. From this date through July 1985, Enron had hundreds of purchases and new sub-entity constructions when they acquired Houston Natural Gas Inc. (Kastantin, 2005). On April 10, 1986, the company changed its name to Enron Corporation. Enron was an interstate and intrastate natural gas pipeline company, then later in 1989 Enron started trading naturalRead MoreEnron Was Formed In 1986 By Ken Lay (â€Å"Enron Case Study†,1439 Words   |  6 PagesEnron was formed in 1986 by Ken Lay (â€Å"Enron Case Study†, n.d). It was an energy and service company based in Houston. â€Å"The early years of Enron were modest, and despite suffering financial woes and tremendous debt for several years, Enron survived.† (Rafraf Haug, 2013). Enron was the 7th largest company on the Fortune 500 in the year 2000 with assets of $65 billion an d revenue of over $100 billion (â€Å"Enron: Quality Assurance†, 2016, p 17). Despite of revenues in 2000, Enron filed for bankruptcyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of The Enron Corporation1124 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction We will look at the Enron Corporation and discuss its application of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) or in actuality its irresponsible behavior as related to social responsibility. We will revisit what CSR is and discuss Enron’s philosophy regarding its use and function within the corporation. We will discuss the consequences of Enron’s irresponsible behavior and the far reaching effects it had on society. Corporate Social Responsibility are actions taken by a corporationRead MoreEnrons Ethics Code Of Enron1552 Words   |  7 PagesAbstracts Enron was once one of the largest companies in the world. After many years of using diverse accounting tricks, they finally had to file bankruptcy in December 2001 due to not being able to hide billions in debt. The top 140 executives got paid 680 million in 2001. (CNN Library, 2015). Kenneth Lay as the founder of Enron and Jeffrey Skilling as the chief executive were both convicted in 2006. (Weiss, 2009, p.28). Thousands of workers were left with valueless stock in their pensions which

College Dropout Rate And Evidence - 1332 Words

College Dropout Rate Evidence To Support You re done, you have dropped out of college and there s nothing you can do. Congratulations, you are now in the 1.3 million that also contributed to this statistic. The college dropout rate varies based upon a wide variety of problems college students encounter. Now your reasons for dropping out? There could be many, some of which you couldn t control. However, there are some that directly contribute to the dropout rate; that you could have. We’ll be looking at 13 pieces of evidence that contribute to the dropout rate. Sometimes ethnicities have lower completion rates than others, †Asian/Pacific Islanders have the highest rate and American Indian/Alaskan natives the lowest 66% and 40%†(Pleskac). So you cannot choose your ethnic background, but that is no reason to not go to college or get a degree. About 40% of black and Hispanic students had a family crisis just within their sophomore year of college. That was almost 6% more than white and virtually 20% more than Asian students (Harris). Those things you cannot control and it is important that you keep the right mindset during hard times, so it does not interfere with studies. Coming from a different ethnic background they are moreâ€Å"..likely to come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, which makes them vulnerable to family crises†..which can be difficult (Harris). This could make it rough in college and even cause you to dropout. This is a factor that you cannot control butShow MoreRelatedIs College Education Really Worth It?1485 Words   |  6 Pages Is a college education really worth it? A college education is definitely worth it, with a college degree, you will be given even more opportunities and benefits than you would as a high school dropout or even graduate! it will allow you to earn a more gainful amount of money than a high school dropout and graduate and even more than a 2 year college degree. Although if you are a 2 year college graduate or 4 year college graduate and studied in the field of mechanical engineering, graphic designRead MoreIs College Tuition A High School?876 Words   |  4 Pages the most frustrating thing about being a high school senior is assembling the future. While a great proportion of high school seniors opt for a four year-university, many modify their original arrangements and attended a community college. Moreover, community college tuition is significantly less than a four-year university and students still receive a top quality education, but at lower cost. Even though a vast number of stu dents intend to transfer their credits to a four-year university, an extensiveRead MoreEffect Of Student Gender On The Rates Of High School Dropouts Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction A high school diploma not only facilitates progression to college but also increases a student’s chances of financial independence and career success in the future. However, high school dropouts are common, which have varied economic implications, including shortages in the workforce, high dependency on healthcare and welfare, and increased public spending in the criminal justice system (Levin and Rouse, 2012). Some students drop out of high school due to socioeconomic factors, withRead MoreThe Long Shadow Is A Book By Three Research Sociologists1023 Words   |  5 Pagesmy central findings of this book. The first determinant of one’s fate is their family’s background. Almost none of the children from low-income families made it through college. With the expenses of college today, I’m actually not surprised by that statistic. Of the children from low-income families, only 4 percent had a college degree at age 28, compared to 45 percent of the children from higher-income backgrounds. That s a shocking tenfold difference across social lines, Alexander said. TheRead MoreShould College Degree Be A College? Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s society are prompted by all teachers to go to college, and this idea is being reinforced more than ever. Although there are a select few people that do not belong in college, this idea has never been more true. Jobs that require a college degree are becoming more abundant, and these jobs need to be filled. The only way these jobs can be filled is if the number of college graduates increases at the same pace as jobs that require a college degree are. Many issues over time have arisen on thisRead MoreDropping Out Of High School1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthat era, dropout was called â€Å"school- leaving† and was considered to be a psychological problem based on interest and attitudes. Young people were considered as restless and needing the freedom to explore new interests. If schools did not meet their needs, there was the likelihood that these teenagers will drop out (Christle, Jolivette, and Nelson, 2007). Today, dropping out of high school early is a major problem for both young people and the society. Recent reviews and empirical evidence have shownRead MoreHow Does The Linked Learning Approach Increase The College And Career Readiness Of Hispanic And African American Males At Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesHow does the Linked Learning Approach increase the college and career readiness of Latino and African American males at the high school level? 11. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT: There are many factors that could affect the college and career readiness of African American and Latino males, however programs that marry career and technical skills with academics like the Linked Learning Approach may help to improve that readiness drastically Growing up, my family has always been close, especially myRead MoreOut-Of-State Hypothesis937 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is solid evidence supporting that college students, specifically incoming freshmen who are out-of-state, experience physical, mental, and social problems. Research shows that over 60.9% of first year college students gained an average weight of 7.5lbs, 38.8% of students spend less than five hours a week with friends and 30% of freshmen report feeling frequently overwhelmed and stressed along with 9.5% feeling frequently depressed (Fromme and Corbin and Kruse 2008). Similarly, evidence shows thatRead MoreHow College Student s Level Of Wellbeing And Happiness1340 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing emphasis on measuring college success, primarily through academic outcomes, it becomes understandable that school professionals might stay active in monitoring student’s well-being and happiness. However, how and why student’s well-being and happiness plays a role during their time on campus and what college faculty members are doing, or not doing, remains an interesting area for review. The intend of this research is to produce a better understanding of how college student’s level of wellbeingRead MoreHigher Education: To Go or Not To Go?1121 Words   |  5 PagesCollege is one of the biggest decisions a person can make. For most, the decision is deciding where to go. For some, however, the decision if they should go. David, a high school friend of mine, decided to not go to college. Fortunately, he had been working for a local lighting company, and had enough knowledge and skill to pursue a lighting career in Nashville, Tennessee. Today, David works in freelance, operating the lighting for shows in Nashville and for small tours. His views on college

Acid rain 5 Essay Example For Students

Acid rain 5 Essay ABSTRACTThis report involves a well description on acid rain as well as a focus on acid rain in eastern Canada. This report contains a very helpful basic background on acid rain as well as a questionnaire. It involves an annual report on the Federal-Provincial Agreements, sulphur dioxide emissions in the seven most eastern provinces, trends in acid deposition in the Atlantic provinces from 1980-1994, as well as acid precipitation in Kejimkujik, Nova Scotia. It also includes data tables, graphs and interesting facts concerning acid rain. INTRODUCTIONThis report is on acid rain and identifies the harmful effect it has on almost everything such as aquatic ecosystems, forests, farming, and even human health. It shows the sulphur dioxide emissions in the seven most eastern provinces along with their limits and how much sulphur dioxide they emitted in 1980, 1990, 1994, 1995, and 1996. It also contains sulphur emissions from major sources from four Canadian provinces as well as sulphur dioxide emissions from electric power generators in three Canadian provinces. There are also some interesting questions and answers and facts are included also. This information was organized from various websites. It also contains information from a newspaper article about a new monitoring site for acid rain in Irish Cove located in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. ACID RAINThe atmosphere, unpolluted, is the means of life on earth. It is a thin layer of gases which surrounds our planet. It is known that without the atmosphere our planet would be inhabitable, but we continue to put numerous amounts of toxic waste into it. The burning of fossils fuels, produces gases that cause acid rain. Acid rain is harmful to forests, lakes, rivers, and any wildlife that is located in these areas. High standards of living, which developed countries are accustomed to, depends upon fossil fuels to withhold these standards. Therefore, they cause the pollutants that cause acid rain. THE MEANING OF ACID RAINAcid rain comes in all forms of precipitation. Besides rain, it can be mist, snow, and dry deposition. Pollutants deposited on the environment before they are absorbed by the moisture in the atmosphere is called dry deposition. MEASURING ACIDITYIn measuring acid rain, the pH scale is used. This scale measures the acidity of acid rain. A measurement of seven is neutral, less than seven is acidic, and more than seven is basic. HOW THE RAIN BECOMES ACIDCarbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes rain to become naturally acidic because it absorbs the carbon dioxide and makes a weak carbonic acid with a pH between five and six. Burning of fossil fuels causes sulphur dioxide and nitrogen, which happens to be the major causes of acid rain. These gases are emitted into the atmosphere where they are absorbed by the moisture and become weak sulphuric and nitric acids, with a pH of around three. Natural gas contains little or no sulphur and does not cause much pollution. THE MAIN SOURCES OF POLLUTIONSulphur dioxide is produced by coal fired power stations. Vehicles, especially cars, are the major producers of the nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. Some oxides come from the vehicle exhaust alone, but others form when the exhaust gases react with the air. Exhaust gases also react with strong sunlight to produce poisonous ozone gas that damages plant growth and in some cases, human health. Sulphur is one of the chemical elements that make up the earth. It can come from volcanic eruptions, sea spray, and tiny sea creatures called plankton. In the world as a whole almost 50 percent of sulphur dioxide in the air comes from natural sources of sulphur, like the ones previously mentioned. ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE CAUSED BY ACID RAINThe Built EnvironmentAcid rain corrodes metal and stone work. It causes major threats to older historical buildings. FarmingThe more acidic the land becomes, the less likely the land can be used for growing crops and yields. Trees and ForestsSulphur dioxide interferes with the process of photo synthesis. Coniferous trees are at risk from acid rain because they do not shed the needles at the end of each year. The needles on a tree that has been affected by acid rain often last only two or three years, while healthy tree needles last up to seven years. Young trees in soils affected by acid rain often show abnormally rapid growth. The nitrogen from the acid rain acts as a fertilizer. The root systems, however, are not developed as well as trees that have to collect their nutrients from a larger area and the trees are more easily blown over. Also, they are short of other essential nutrients and the wood can be very soft making. When the soil becomes acid, toxic minerals like aluminum and cadmium are washed out by water passing through the soil. These minerals are taken by the trees causing their growth to suffer. Water Courses and LakesWater courses and lakes are affected by the acid rain that falls directly into them and from water that runs into them. The problem is worst in spring when snow melts. The pollution build up over the winter period is suddenly released as an acid surge just at the time when many young fish and insects are most vulnerable. A healthy lake has a pH of about 6.5 and supports a rich variety of wildlife. As a lake becomes more acidified, the fish population declines along with the birds that feed on the fish. They are all dependent, upon one another in a complex food web, for a while, there is an increase in the number of insects in the lake they are not eaten by fish. The number of species declines as the acidity of the lake increases. The lake becomes dead when the pH reaches a level of about 4.5. Other Factors Contributing to Acidification of the EnvironmentFarming and forestry can also increase acidification. When plants grow they take nutrients from the soil that causes the soil to become more acidic, but when they die and rot back into the soil the nutrients are replaced and the soil becomes less acidic. The removal of a whole tree can be equivalent to about 60 years of acid rain because it does not get a chance to rot and replenish the nutrients. When the trunk is only taken it is equivalent to about 20 years of acid rain. Areas that are prepared for forestry are often drained and deep ploughed which allows more oxygen into the soil, therefore the minerals become oxidized and the soil becomes acidic. Linux EssayAt the four CAPMoN sites located in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland, have recorded significant decreases of 28 to 40 percent in precipitation sulphate (See Fig.1, Fig.2, Fig.3). A decrease of 25 percent has occurred at site in Labrador. No significant trends in hydrogen ion concentration were detected. Spatial TrendsSince the late 1970s the federal and provincial governments have been monitoring acid rain in the Atlantic provinces. The National Atmospheric Chemistry Data Base, which is maintained by Environment Canada, stored most of the data collected. The data which met the quality criteria of the Unified Deposition Data Base Committee was used to conduct annual maps of precipitation-weighed average sulphate deposition in the Atlantic provinces from 1980 to 1993. The deposition of acidifying sulfate has decreased since the 1980s, when most of the region received sulfate deposition greater than 12 kilograms per hectare a year. In recent years, most of the region has received less than 12 kilograms per hectare a year. ProjectionsThe majority of the aquatic ecosystems of the Atlantic provinces are very sensitive to acid deposition. The critical load for much of the region is less than 8 kilograms per hectare a year. Projected deposition fields for future years were produced from an atmospheric model using estimated future emissions. The areas that will still be receiving sulfate deposition greater than their critical loads were declined. Many of the Atlantic provinces will likely continue to receive deposition greater than the critical load even after legislated emissions reductions in the United States. ISLAND HOME TO INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SITEIrish Cove has been added to the list of international sites being used as monitoring ground for changes in the environment in Cape Breton. Irish Cove is the second site selected by Environment Canada in Nova Scotia, the first one selected was established in Kejimkujik National Park. Ms. Pixie Williams, a research associate with the Provincial Museum of Natural History, said the job is to compile a complete inventory of all organisms living on the site. The plan is to monitor changes within temperate and boreal forests to aid in determining harmful environmental effects. She also went on to say that the decay of certain mosses and lichens indicate an acid rain problem. World leaders vowed to begin cleaning up the environment and limiting the harmful effects of chemicals and other manmade substances. Dr. Patricia Roberts-Pichette, who is the executive secretary of the Canada/Man and Biosphere said the work at Irish Cove will be completed mainly by biology students under the watchful eye of members of the Biodiversity Research Associates. ACID PRECIPITATION DURING 1992 AT KEJIMKUJIK, NOVA SCOTIAAt Kejimkujik National Park in southeastern Nova Scotia the average precipitation- weighed pH for 1992 was 4.57, which was equal to the average pH over the 13 years of record (1980-1992). The most acidic event of the year with a pH of 3.04 was 269 times more acidic than the least acidic event with a pH of 5.47. Wet deposition of excess sulphate and nitrate during 1992 at Kejimkujik was 10.8 kilograms per hectare a year and 9.4 kilograms per hectare a year respectively, which was less than the 13 year average of 15 and 10 kilograms per hectare a year respectively. In 1992 on June 15, 0.6 kilograms per hectare a year of excess sulphate and 0.09 kilograms per hectare a year of nitrate was deposited which was the largest daily deposition. A comparison of the average was made between sulphate and nitrate for the first five years in which the average annual excess sulphate deposition decreased by over 10 percent whereas the average annual nitrate deposition increased by over 33 percent.FACTSIt has been estimated that acid rain causes $1 billion worth of damage in Canada every year. Thousands of lakes have been damaged; a large part of the salmon habitat in the Maritimes has been lost; a significant proportion of eastern Canadas forests has been affected; and considerable damage to buildings and monuments has been documented. More than 89% of all Canadians live in areas with high acid rain-related pollution. It has been estimated that about 50% of the sulphate deposited in Canada is derived from sources in the U.S. About 40% of nitrogen oxides come from transportation (cars, trucks, buses, trains), about 25% from thermoelectric stations, and the balance from other industrial, commercial, and residential combustion processes. Scientists have estimated that a cut of 80-90% of sulphur emissions is required to prevent further damage to the Swedish environment. Pollution from car vehicle exhausts can be reduced if catalytic converters are fitted. These devices are fitted into the exhaust system of the car and change the harmful nitrogen oxides and other pollutants into less polluting carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water. However they will only work with lead free petrol. Buses and trains make more efficient use of fuel then private cars. One litre of fuel will carry a person: 6 kilometers in a large car (driver only), 9 kilometers in a small car (driver only), 50 kilometers in a bus with 40 passengers and 55 kilometers in a train with 300 passengers. CONCLUSIONWe have looked at acid rain in various forms and how it contributes to be very harmful and destructive. Some action has been taken to reduce sulphur dioxide emissions in the seven most eastern provinces that is a first step in the right direction. There are other ways to reduce the amount of sulphur dioxide getting into the atmosphere such as, sources of coal and oil naturally low in sulphur can be used. Sulphur can be removed before the fuel is burnt. Smoke can be washed with a slurry of lime. Everyone can do something to reduce pollution. We can save energy by not wasting hot water, turning off lights when they are not needed, reducing central heating thermostat by a couple of degrees, using cars when it is really necessary, taking cans, paper and bottles for recycling, making sure washing machines are used only when there is a full load. If we continue to ignore acid rain as a series problem and do nothing about it, as a result more fish well die, more trees will die, wa ter will become contaminated, it will affect animal life, as well as human health.

Applications of Information Technology free essay sample

Driving force in educational reform Students have many opportunities to learn the basic computer skills to facilitate their learning. Multimedia learning centre (MMLC) in secondary school Classroom with a projector 1. 1 Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT at Home ? Smart home technology ?Allows people to control household and other domestic appliances over the Internet ? Personal computer ?Has become a necessity for many households 1. 1 Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT at Home ? Personal computer Uses of personal computer 1. 1 Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT at Home ? Home office ?Refers to a small computerized office setup at home ?Self-employed persons can work at home and communicate with others through the Internet. Clients Self-employed person Colleagues 1. 1 Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT in Public Places ? Information kiosk ?Provides information on nearby facilities in public places ? Electronic Money ?Can be used for petty cash payments ?Example: Octopus Octopus Kiosks 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Applications of Information Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1 Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT in Public Places Internet access service ?It is provided in various public places. ?The public can obtain information from the Internet more conveniently. Internet access service in public area 1. 1 Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT in Business ? Office automation ?Office automation helps office workers improve working efficiency productivity, data security and communications with others An automated office 1. 1 Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT in Business ? Intranet ?A private and small-scale Internet of an organization ?Helps improve workflow and enables efficient collaboration and  communication. Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT in Business ? E-commerce ?Refers to commercial activities carried out in an electronic network ?The Internet is now the most popular way to conduct e-commerce. e-bay, a popular online auction site 1. 1 Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT in Business ? E-commerce We can also purchase groceries online (http://www. wellcome. com. hk) We can book tickets online (http://www. cityline. com. hk) Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT in Government ? Information technology has become an  important means of providing government services. ? Under the ‘2004 Digital 21 Strategy’, the Hong Kong SAR government has committed to developing e-government. 1. 1 Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT in Government ? Electronic Service Delivery ?A web site that provides a wide range of government information and services ?The services include, application for government job vacancies payment of government bills purchasing books making appointments for The use of public services 1. 1 Applications of Information Technology in Our Daily Life ? IT in Government ? Employers concerned about exposing of company confidentials More difficult for employers to monitor work progress 1. 2 Information Technology and the Information Age ? Digital Divide ? Describes the growing gap between those people who can access and make effective use of IT and those who cannot ? Separate people into two groups ?Internet users ?Non-Internet users.